Industrial uses of polymers in the gums and its handle in production and residue

Abstract

The polymers gums are very important in the industry because of its wide variety of uses. Had a great impact in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in the food. We studied some of the polymers gums as well as the physical and chemical characteristics. Mention was made of the impact it has on the environment.

Objetives:

Know the characteristics of the polimeros gums.

Explain the importance that has in the industry as well as uses.

Inform of their classifications and derivatives, as well as a small description of each one.

Hypothesis

The polymers gums are widely used in the industry this is due to its low cost of production of some of the gums as well as a great amount properties that give you multiple uses.

However, are polymers that must be treated with care because they have a high toxicity and can take a long time to disintegrate, yet its use in both food and non-food has made a very important material in human life.

Introducion:

The present work intends to analyze polymers gums, especially in the role you have in the industry. Being one of the most common natural polysaccharides and abundant in the food industry is where the greatest impact has. Will be presented the characteristics of these, which although in its natural form do not have deficiencies, can be modified to have a polymer with the desired characteristics.In the same way the ratings and derivatives that have to be able to demonstrate that the use in the industry not only serves for one thing in particular, but that it is multipurpose. Examples of these are: Acecia, Xanthan Gum, Agar, Gelatin, alginate, among others.

http://www.educarchile.cl/ech/pro/app/detalle?id=133195

Importance of the gums in the industry

It has been mentioned earlier that the polymers gums have a great use in the industry where stands out the food, but they are also used in the pharmaceutical industry, in its natural form lack of physic-chemical, mechanical properties and for this reason are often modified with synthetic monomers, such acrylamide and acrylic acid by copolymerization per graft, is one of the most used and trusted in the polymers gums. "In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the synthesis of polysaccharides based on graft copolymers, which allows the combination of the advantageous characteristics of natural and synthetic polymers." (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

http://www.gala-industries.com/es/app_medpolymer.php

"Gum polysaccharides are commonly used in both food and nonfood industries as stabilizers, thickening and gelling agents, crystallization inhibitors, and encapsulating agents." (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

http://www.interempresas.net/Plastico/Articulos/138981-Polimeros-en-aplicaciones-sanitarias.html

The polysaccharides gums has several advantages compared to other gels, for this reason are important in the industry, Posen features such as low impact on the environment, the easy availability, low cost of production and the easy modification of this.

One of the most useful chemical properties is to be absorbing impurities such as heavy metal ions, or the dyes in the solution "for example, methylene blue, Malachite green (MG), Rhoda mine B, etc. and cations of heavy metals such as Pb 2+, Cu 2+, CD2+ and Hg2+."(Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.pbidi.unam.mx:8080/doi/10.1002/mame.201500399/full

Derivatives of the Polymers Gums

Gum xanthan

"Gum xanthan is a gram negative, yellow-pigmented, bacterium derived anionic polysaccharide obtained from the bacterial coat of Xanthomonas campestris and is generally produced by the fermentation of glucose, sucrose, or lactose" (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

Xanthan gum is mainly used as thickener and stabilizer in industry because of its high viscosity in comparison to other polysaccharides. The viscosity of thexanthan gum solutions is independent of temperature and is virtually constant over a range from boiling to freezing point of pure water. Xanthan gum is completely biodegradable using certain microorganisms under controlled conditions, but it is resistant to degradation using enzymes such as protease, pectinase, and amylase. Due to its extraordinary properties, xanthan gum is used extensively in both food and pharmaceutical industries.

Gum Ghatti

"It is a complex anionic polysaccharide, thus, the exact molecular weight of gum ghatti is not known." (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

Gum ghatti powder has been shown to have huge medicinal benefi ts including strengthen the immune system. It is a common ingredient in glyconutrient supplements which are used to provide the eight essential sugars used for cell communication including stimulation of the immune system and reduction of the effects of various neurological diseases and autoimmune diseases.

Gum Arabic

"Gum arabic is one of the oldest known plant gum polysaccharides. The name originates from the Arabs who first traded it. It is a highly branched acidic heteropolysaccharide, an exudate of the tree Acacia , belonging to the family Leguminosae" (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

This hydrocolloid fi nds a number of applications, for example, as a fl avoring, in confectionery, brewing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, lithography, inks, and textiles. It is also widely used in the beverage industry to stabilize fl avors and essential oils, e.g., in soft-drink concentrates.

Guar gum

"Guar gum is a water soluble and nonionic plant polysaccharide, obtained from the seeds of the plant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba . It is found to degrade at pH 3.0 and 50 °C but the ionic strength does not have any effect on molecular structure." (Mittal, H., Sinha, S., & Okamoto, M.; (2016), Recent Progress on the Design and Applications of Polysaccharide-Based Graft Copolymer Hydrogels as Adsorbents for Wastewater Purifi cation)

It is a water-soluble fi ber that acts as a bulk forming laxative and is claimed to be effective in promoting regular bowel movements and to relieve constipation and related chronic bowel ailments, including diverticulosis, Crohn’s disease, colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The graft copolymers of guar gum have also shown their potential as adsorbents for the adsorption of various cationic and anionic impurities from wastewater.

Conclusion

As we were able to see the polymer rubbers are very important in the industry not only because of the many uses in the industry, primarily in the pharmaceutical and food, in addition to being products for their production, manufacture and disposal.

It should be clarified that their characteristics as raw material are not very useful, however is quite simple the power to modify them so that they fit into the circumstances required, in addition to being very used as cleaners of waste and generate many of these during manufacture.

Reference